 |
|
| If you can't view the Datasheet, Please click here to try to view without PDF Reader . |
|
|
|
| If you can't view the Datasheet, Please click here to try to view without PDF Reader . |
|
|
| Datasheet File OCR Text: |
| EL2082C EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Features Flexible inputs and outputs all ground referred 150 MHz large and small-signal bandwidth 46 dB of calibrated gain control range 70 dB isolation in disable mode 10 MHz 0 15% diff gain and 0 05 diff phase performance at NTSC using application circuit Operates on g5V to g15V power supplies Outputs may be paralleled to function as a multiplexer General Description The EL2082 is a general purpose variable gain control building block built using an advanced proprietary complementary bipolar process It is a two-quandrant multiplier so that zero or negative control voltages do not allow signal feedthrough and very high attenuation is possible The EL2082 works in current mode rather than voltage mode so that the input impedance is low and the output impedance is high This allows very wide bandwidth for both large and small signals The IIN pin replicates the voltage present on the VIN pin therefore the VIN pin can be used to reject common-mode noise and establish an input ground reference The gain control input is calibrated to 1 mA mA signal gain for 1V of control voltage The disable pin (E) is TTL-compatible and the output current can comply with a wide range of output voltages Because current signals rather than voltages are employed multiple inputs can be summed and many outputs wire-or'ed or mixed The EL2082 operates from a wide range of supplies and is available in standard 8-pin plastic DIP or 8-lead SO Applications Level adjust for video signals Video faders and mixers Signal routing multiplexers Variable active filters Video monitor contrast control AGC Receiver IF gain control Modulation demodulation General ``cold'' front-panel control of AC signals Connection Diagram 8-Pin DIP SO Ordering Information Part No EL2082CN EL2082CS Temp Range 0 C to a 75 C 0 C to a 75 C Package 8-Pin P-DIP 8-Pin SO Outline MDP0031 MDP0027 2082 - 1 Top View January 1996 Rev D Note All information contained in this data sheet has been carefully checked and is believed to be accurate as of the date of publication however this data sheet cannot be a ``controlled document'' Current revisions if any to these specifications are maintained at the factory and are available upon your request We recommend checking the revision level before finalization of your design documentation 1992 Elantec Inc EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Absolute Maximum Ratings (TA e 25 C) VS VIN IOUT VE VGAIN IIN Voltage between VS a and VSb Voltage Input Voltage Input Current a 33V gVS b 1 to a 7V g5 mA PD TA TJ TST Maximum Power Dissipation See Curves Operating Temperature Range 0 C to a 75 C Operating Junction Temperature 150 C b 65 C to a 150 C Storage Temperature Important Note All parameters having Min Max specifications are guaranteed The Test Level column indicates the specific device testing actually performed during production and Quality inspection Elantec performs most electrical tests using modern high-speed automatic test equipment specifically the LTX77 Series system Unless otherwise noted all tests are pulsed tests therefore TJ e TC e TA Test Level I II III IV V Test Procedure 100% production tested and QA sample tested per QA test plan QCX0002 100% production tested at TA e 25 C and QA sample tested at TA e 25 C TMAX and TMIN per QA test plan QCX0002 QA sample tested per QA test plan QCX0002 Parameter is guaranteed (but not tested) by Design and Characterization Data Parameter is typical value at TA e 25 C for information purposes only DC Electrical Characteristics (VS e g15V VG e 1V VE e 0 8V VOUT e 0 VIN e 0 IIN e 0) Parameter VIO IOO RINI VCMRR ICMRR VPSRR IPSRR IBVIN RINV Nlini ROUT Description Input Offset Voltage Output Offset Current IIN Input Impedance IIN e 0 0 35 mA Voltage Common-Mode Rejection Ratio VIN e b10V a 10V Offset Current Common-Mode Rejection Ratio VIN e b10V a 10V Offset Voltage Power Supply Rejection Ratio VS e g5V to g15V Offset Current Power Supply Rejection Ratio VS e g5V to g15V VIN Bias Current VIN Input Impedance VIN e b10V a 10V Signal Nonlinearity IIN e b0 7 mA b 0 35 mA 0 mA a 0 35 mA a 0 7 mA Output Impedance VOUT e b10V a 10V Temp Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Full 0 25 b 10 Min b 20 b 100 Typ Max 20 100 Test Level II II II II Units mV mA X dB mA V dB mA V mA MX % MX TD is 3 0in 75 45 95 55 05 115 5 II II 60 80 1 10 10 10 0 10 05 04 II II II II II 05 2 EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier DC Electrical Characteristics Parameter VOUT VIOG AI Nling ISO VINH VINL ILH ILL IODIS IS Description Output Swing VGAIN e 2V IIN g2 mA RL e 4 0K VOS Gain Control Extrapolated from VGAIN e 0 1V 1V Current Gain IIN g350 mA Nonlinearity of Gain Control VGAIN e 0 1V 0 5V 1V Input Isolation with VGAIN e b0 1V E Logic High Level E Logic Low Level Input Current of E VE e 5V Input Current of E VE e 0 IOUT Disabled E e 2 0V Supply Current Contd Temp Min Typ Max Test Level II II II II II II 08 b 50 b 50 (VS e g15V VG e 1V VE e 0 8V VOUT e 0 VIN e 0 IIN e 0) Units Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Full b 11 a 11 V mV mA mA % dB V V mA TD is 2 8in TD is 2 4in mA mA mA b 15 15 10 2 11 5 09 b 80 b 96 20 II II II II II 50 50 g10 13 16 AC Electrical Characteristics (RL e 25X CL e 4 pF CIIN e 2 pF TA e 25 C VG e 1V VS e g15V) Parameter BW1 BW2 BWp BWg SRG TREC TEN TDIS DG DP Description Current Mode Bandwidth b 3 dB g0 1 dB Min Typ 150 30 150 20 Max Test Level V V V V V V V V V V Units MHz MHz MHz MHz (mA mA) ms ns ns ns % Degree Power IIN e 1 mA p-p Gain Control Bandwidth Gain Control Slew Rate Recovery Time from VG k 0 Enable Time from E Pin Disable Time from E Pin Differential Gain NTSC with IIN e b0 35 mA to a 0 35 mA Differential Phase NTSC with IIN e b0 35 mA to a 0 35 mA VG from 0 2V to 2V 12 250 200 30 0 25 0 05 3 EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Typical Performance Curves Current Gain vs Frequency for Different Gains Current Gain vs Frequency Current Gain Flatness Frequency Response in Voltage Input Mode Harmonic Distortion vs Input Amplitude Output Current Noise vs Frequency 2082 - 2 4 EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Typical Performance Curves Differential Gain Error vs DC Offset Current Contd Differential Phase Error vs DC Offset Current 2082 - 3 Gain Pin Transient Response Gain Control Recovery From Vg e b 0 1V 2082 - 4 2082 - 5 Gain Control Pin Frequency Response IOUT vs IIN Normalized Gain Error vs VGAIN Voltage 2082 - 6 5 EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Typical Performance Curves Current Gain vs Supply Voltage Contd Current Gain vs Temperature 2082 - 7 Output Capacitance vs Output Voltage Enable Pin Response 2082 - 9 2082 - 8 Supply Current vs Supply Voltage Supply Current vs Die Temperature 2082 - 10 6 EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Typical Performance Curves 8-Pin Plastic DIP Maximum Power Dissipation vs Ambient Temperature Contd 8-Lead SO Maximum Power Dissipation vs Ambient Temperature 2082 - 11 2082 - 12 Applications Information The EL2082 is best thought of as a current-conveyor with variable current gain A current input to the IIN pin will be replicated as a current driven out the IOUT pin with a gain controlled by VGAIN Thus an input of 1 mA will produce an output current of 1 mA for VGAIN e 1V An input of 1 mA will produce an output of 2 mA for VGAIN e 2V The useable VGAIN range is zero to a 2V A negative level on VGAIN even only b 20 mV will yield very high signal attenuation The EL2082 in Conjunction with Op-Amps This resistor-load circuit shows a simple method of converting voltage signals to currents and vice versa Gain e VGAIN 1V R RL IN a 95X J RF a RG RG J EL2082 a Op-Amp 2082 - 13 RIN would typically be 1 kX for video level inputs or 10 kX for g10V instrumentation signals The higher the value of RIN (the lower the input current) the lower the distortion levels of the EL2082 will be An approximate expression of the nonlinearity of the EL2082 is Nonlinearity (%) e 0 3 IIN (mA)2 Optimum input current level is a tradeoff between distortion and signal-to-noise-ratio The distortion and input range do not change appreciably with VGAIN levels distortion is set by input currents alone 7 EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Applications Information Contd The output current could be terminated with a 1 kX load resistor to achieve a nominal voltage gain of 1 at the EL2082 but the IOUT load and stray capacitances would limit bandwidth greatly The lowest practical total capacitance at IOUT is about 12 pF and this gives a 13 MHz bandwidth with a 1 kX load In the above example a 100X load is used for an upper limit of 130 MHz The operational amplifier gives a gain of a 10 to bring the overall gain to unity Wider bandwidth yet can be had by installing CIN This is a very small capacitor typically 1 pf-2 pF and it bolsters the gain above 100 MHz Here is a table of results for this circuit used with various amplifiers Operational Amplifier EL2020 EL2020 EL2130 EL2030 EL2090 EL2120 EL2120 EL2070 EL2071 EL2075 Power Supplies g5V g15V g5V g15V g15V g5V g15V g5V g5V g5V Rf 620 620 620 620 240 220 220 200 1 5K 620 Rg 68 68 68 68 27 24 24 22 240 68 CIN b 3 dB Bandwidth 0 1 dB Bandwidth 5 6 MHz 7 4 MHz 11 MHz 12 MHz 10 MHz 10 MHz 11 MHz 30 MHz 30 MHz 30 MHz Peaking 0 0 1 0 dB 1 3 dB 0 5 dB 0 4 dB 0 3 dB 0 4 dB 0 1 5 dB 2 pF 2 pF 2 pF 34 MHz 40 MHz 73 MHz 93 MHz 60 MHz 57 MHz 65 MHz 150 MHz 200 MHz 270 MHz Maximum bandwidth is maintained over a gain range of a 6 to b 16 dB bandwidth drops at lower gains If wider gain range with full bandwidth is required two or more EL2082's can be cascaded with the IOUT of one directly driving the IIN of the next The EL2082 can also be used with an IxV operational circuit VGAIN Gain e b 1V R RF IN a 95X J 2082 - 14 Inverting EL2082 a Op-Amp The circuit above gives a negative gain The main concern of this connection involves the total IOUT and stray capacitances at the amplifier's input When using traditional op-amps the pole caused by these capacitances can make the amplifier less stable and even cause oscillations in amplifiers whose gain-bandwidth is greater than 5 MHz A typical cure is to add a capacitor Cf in the 2 pF-10 pF range This will reduce overall bandwidth so a capacitor CIN can be added to regain frequency response The ratio Cf CIN is made equal to RIN Rf 8 EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Applications Information Contd Current-feedback amplifiers eliminate this difficulty Because their -input is a very low impedance capacitance at the summing point of an inverting operational circuit is far less troublesome Here is a table of results of various current-feedback circuits used in the inverting circuit Operational Amplifier EL2020 EL2020 EL2130 EL2030 Power Supplies g5V g15V g5V g15V Rf 1k 1k 1k 1k RIN 910 910 910 910 Rg b 3 dB Bandwidth 0 1 dB Bandwidth 4 3 MHz 5 3 MHz 9 7 MHz 12 3 MHz 11 MHz Peaking 0 0 0 0 1 2 dB g5V EL2171 2k 1 8k 1k 114 MHz with the EL2171 the EL2082 had g15V supplies and the EL2171 required a 150X output load The EL2120 and EL2090 are suitable in this circuit but they are compensated for 300X feedback resistors RIN would have to be reduced greatly to obtain unity gain and the increased signal currents would cause the EL2082 to display much increased distortion They could be used if the input resistor were maintained at 910X and Rf reduced for a b gain or if Rf e 1k and an overall bandwidth of 25 MHz were acceptable The EL2082 can also be used within an op-amp's feedback loop Gain e b 1V VGAIN RF a 95X RIN J EL2082 in feedback inverting gain 2082 - 15 With voltage-mode op-amps the same concern about capacitance at the summing node exists so Cf and CIN should be used As before current-feedback amplifiers tend to solve the problem However in this circuit the inherent phase lag of the EL2082 detracts from the phase margin of the op-amp and some overall bandwidth reduction may result The EL2082 appears as a 3 0 ns delay well past 100 MHz Thus for a 20 MHz loop bandwidth the EL2082 will subtract 20 MHz c 3 0 ns c 360 degrees e 21 6 degrees The loop path should have at least 55 degrees of phase margin for low ringing in this connection Loop bandwidth is always reduced by the ratio RIN (RIN a Rf) with voltage mode op-amps 9 TD is 1 3in 29 MHz 34 MHz 61 MHz 82 MHz EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Applications Information Contd Current-feedback op-amps again solve the summing-junction capacitance problem in this connection The loop bandwidth here becomes a matter of transimpedance over frequency and its phase characteristics Unfortunately this is generally poorly documented in amplifier data sheets A rule of thumb is that the transimpedance falls to the value of the recommended feedback resistor at a frequency of F b 3 dB 4 to F b 3 dB 2 where F b 3 dB is the unity-gain closed-loop bandwidth of the amplifier The phase margin of the op-amp is usually close to 90 degrees at this frequency In general Rf is initially the recommended value for the particular amplifier and is then empirically adjusted for amplifier stability at maximum VGAIN then RIN is set for the overall circuit gain required Sometimes a very small Cf can be used to improve loop stability but it often must be in series with another resistor of value around Rf 2 A virtue of placing the EL2082 in feedback is that the input-referred noise will drop as gain increases This is ideal for level controls that are used to set the output to a constant level for a variety of inputs as well as AGC loops Furthermore the EL2082 has a relatively constant input signal amplitude for a variety of input levels and its distortion will be relatively constant and controllable by setting Rf Note that placing the EL2082 in the feedback path causes the circuit bandwidth to vary inversely with gain The next circuit shows use of the EL2082 in the feedback path of a non-inverting op-amp EL2082 in feedback non-inverting gain Gain e 1V Vg RF a 95X Rg J 2082 - 16 This example has the same virtues with regards to noise and distortion as the preceding circuit and its bandwidth shrinks with increasing gain as well The typical 12 pF sum of EL2082 output capacitance in parallel with stray capacitance necessitates the inclusion of Cf to prevent a feedback pole Because of this 12 pF capacitance at the op-amp -input current-feedback op-amps will generally not be useable As before the loop bandwidth and phase margin must accommodate the extra phase lag of the EL2082 10 EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Applications Information Using the VIN Pin The VIN pin can be used instead of the IIN pin so Contd b Vg IOUT e Gm e VIN 1v R 1 g a 95X J The VIN pin used as signal input 2082 - 17 This connection is useful when a high input impedance is required There are a few caveats when using the VIN pin The first is that VIN has a 250 V ms slew rate limitation The second is that the inevitable CSTRAY across Rg causes a gain zero and gain INCREASES above the 1 (2q CSTRAY Rg) frequency and can peak as much as 20 dB with large CSTRAY A graph of gain vs frequency for several CSTRAYS is included in the typical performance curves In general if wide bandwidth and frequency flatness is desired the IIN pin should be used The VIN pin does make an excellent ground reference pin for instance when low-frequency noise is to be rejected The next schematic shows the EL2082 VIN pin rejecting possible 60 Hz hum induced on an RF input cable Using the VIN pin as a ground reference to reject hum and noise 2082 - 18 This example shows VIN rejecting low-frequency field-induced noise but not adding peaking since the 0 01 mF bypass capacitor shunts high-frequency signals to local ground Reactive Couplings with the EL2082 The following sketch is an excerpt of a receiver IF amplifier showing methods of connecting the EL2082 to reactive networks Example Reactive Couplings with EL2082's 2082 - 19 11 EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Contd The IIN pin of the EL2082 looks like 95X well past 100 MHz and the output looks like a simple current-source in parallel with about 5 pF There is no particular problem with any resistance or reactance connected to IIN or IOUT The mixer output is generally sent to a crystal filter which required a few hundred ohm terminating impedance The impedance of the IIN pin of the first EL2082 is transformed to about 400X by the 2 1 transformer T1 The two EL2082's are used as variable-gain IF amplifiers with small gains offered by each The output of the first EL2082 is coupled to the second by the resonant matching network L1 - C1 For a Q of 5 Xc1 e x11 e 5 c 95X approximately The impedance seen at the first EL2082's IOUT will be about Q2 c 95X or 2 5k and by impedance transformation alone the first gain cell delivers 28 dB of gain at Vg e 1V More gain cells can be used for a wider range of (calibrated) AGC compliance The E input can be used as a high-speed noise blanker gate Applications Information Linearized Fader Gain Control The following circuit is an example of placing two EL2082's in the feedback network of an op-amp to significantly reduce their distortions Linearized Gain Control Fader VOUT e K VA a (1 b K) VB where O s K s 1 2082 - 20 Dual EL2082 Fader with EL2030 NTSC Differential Gain Error Dual EL2082 Fader with EL2030 NTSC Differential Phase Error 2082 - 21 2082 - 22 12 EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Applications Information Contd The circuit sums two inputs A and B such that the sum of their respective path gains is unity as controlled by the potentiometer When the potentiometer's wiper is fully down the slightly negative voltage at the Vg of the B-side EL2082 cuts off the B signal to better than 70 dB attenuation at 3 58 MHz The A-side EL2082 is at unity gain so the only (error) signal presented to the op-amp's -input is the same (error) signal at the IIN of the A-side EL2082 The circuit thus outputs -AIN Since the error signal required by the op-amp is very small even at video frequencies the current through the Aside EL2082 is small and distortion is minimized At 50% potentiometer setting equal error output signals flow from the EL2082's since the op-amp still requires little net -input current The EL2082's essentially buck each other to establish an output and 50% gain occurs for both the A and B inputs The EL2082's now contribute distortion but less than in previous connections The op-amp sees a constant 1k feedback resistor regardless of potentiometer setting so frequency response is stable for all gain settings A single-input gain control is implemented by simply grounding BIN Distortion can be improved by increasing the input resistors to lower signal currents This will lower the overall gain accordingly but will not affect bandwidth which is dependent upon the feedback resistors Reducing the signal input amplitude is an analagous tactic but the noise floor will effectively rise Another strategy to reduce distortion in video systems is to use DC restoration circuitry such as the EL2090 ahead of the fader inputs to reduce the range of signals to be dealt with the b 0 7V to a 0 7V possible range of inputs (due to capacitor coupling) would be changed to a stabilized b 0 35V to a 0 35V span The EL2020 EL2030 and EL2120 (at reduced bandwidth since it is compensated for 300X feedback resistors) all give the same video performance at NTSC operation Variable Filters This circuit is the familiar state-variable configuration similar to the bi-quad Voltage Tuneable Bi-Quad Filter F0 e Vg 1V 2q (R 1 a 95X)C J 13 2082 - 23 EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Applications Information Contd Frequency-setting resistors R are each effectively adjusted in value by an EL2082 to effect voltage-variable tuning Two gain controls yields a linear frequency adjustment using one gives a square-root-ofcontrol voltage tuning The EL2082's could be placed in series with the integrator capacitors instead to yield a tuning proportional to 1 Vg The next circuit is one of a new class of ``CCII'' filters that use the current-conveyor element Basic information is available in the April 1991 volume 38 number 4 edition of the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems journal pages 456 through 461 of the article ``The Single CCII Biquads with High-Input Impedance'' by Shen-Iuan Liu and Hen-Wai Tsao fO e 160 kHz ``CCII'' Class Filter 2082 - 24 This interesting filter uses the current output of the EL2082 to generate a bandpass voltage output and the intermediate node provides a second-order low-pass filter output Both outputs should be buffered so as not to warp characteristics although the VIN of the next EL2082 can be driven directly in the case of cascaded filters The VGAIN input acts as a Q and peaking adjust point around the nominal 1V value The resistor at IOUT could serve as the frequency trim and Q trimmed subsequently with VGAIN Negative Components The following circuit converts a component or two-terminal network to a variable and even negative replica of that impedance Variable or Negative Impedance Converter ZIN e (Z a 95X) (1 b Vg 1V) 2082 - 25 14 EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier Applications Information Contd A negative impedance is simply an impedance whose current flows reverse to the normal sense In the above circuit the current through Z is replicated by the EL2082 and inverted (IOUT flows inverted to the sense of IIN in the EL2082) and summed back to the input When Vg e 0 or Vg k 0 the input impedance is simply Z a 95X When Vg e 1V the negative of the current through Z is summed with the input and the input impedance is ``infinite'' When Vg e 2V twice the negative of the current through Z is summed with the input resulting in an input impedance of b Z-95X Thus variable capacitors can be simulated by substituting the capacitor as Z ``Negative'' capacitors result for Vg l 1V and capacitance needs to be present in parallel with the input to prevent oscillations Inductors or complicated networks also work for Z but a net negative impedance will result in oscillations EL2082 Macromodel This macromodel has been designed to work with PSPICE (copywritten by the Microsim Corporation) E500 buffers in the VIN voltage and presents it to the RINI resistor to emulate the IIN pin E501 supplies the non-linearity of the current channel and replicates the IIN current to a ground referenced voltage R500 and C500 provide the bandwidth limitation on the current signal E502 supplies the VGAIN non-linearity and drives the L501 R501 C501 to shape the gain control frequency response E503 does the actual gain-control multiplication and drives delay line T500 to better simulate the actual phase characteristics of the part G500 creates the current output and ROUT with COUT provide proper output parasitics Schematic of EL2082 Macromodel 2082 - 26 The model is good at frequency and linearity estimates around Vg e 1V and nominal temperatures but has several limitations The Vg channel does not give zero gain for Vg k 0 the output gain reverses-don't use Vg k 0 The Vg channel is not slew limited Frequency response does not vary with supply voltage The VIN channel is not slew limited Noise is not modeled Temperature effects are not modeled CMRR and PSRR are not modeled Frequency response does not vary with Vg Unfortunately the polynomial expressions and two-input multiplication may not be available on every simulator Results have been confirmed by laboratory results in many situations with this macromodel within its capabilities 15 EL2082C EL2082C Current-Mode Multiplier EL2082 Macromodel Vgain TAB WIDE l l l l SUBCKT EL2082macro (1 I-to-I gain cell macromodel Iin l l l 2 Vin l l 3 4 5 Iout l 6 7 8) Cini 2 0 2P C500 502 0 0 9845P C501 505 0 1000P Cout 6 0 5P L501 503 504 0 1U Rsilly1 1 0 1E9 Rsilly2 505 0 1E9 Rini 2 500 95 Rinv 3 0 2Meg Rout 6 0 1Meg R500 501 502 1000 R501 504 505 5 R502 506 507 50 R503 508 0 50 E500 500 0 3 0 1 E501 501 0 POLY(1) (2 500) 0 2 0 - 8 E502 503 0 POLY(1) (1 0) 0 1 05 - 05 E503 506 0 POLY(2) (505 0) (502 0) 0 0 0 0 1 G500 6 0 508 0 -0 0105 T500 508 0 507 0 Z0450 TD41 95N ENDS General Disclaimer Specifications contained in this data sheet are in effect as of the publication date shown Elantec Inc reserves the right to make changes in the circuitry or specifications contained herein at any time without notice Elantec Inc assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits described herein and makes no representations that they are free from patent infringement WARNING Life Support Policy January 1996 Rev D Elantec Inc 1996 Tarob Court Milpitas CA 95035 Telephone (408) 945-1323 (800) 333-6314 Fax (408) 945-9305 European Office 44-71-482-4596 16 Elantec Inc products are not authorized for and should not be used within Life Support Systems without the specific written consent of Elantec Inc Life Support systems are equipment intended to support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions provided can be reasonably expected to result in significant personal injury or death Users contemplating application of Elantec Inc products in Life Support Systems are requested to contact Elantec Inc factory headquarters to establish suitable terms conditions for these applications Elantec Inc 's warranty is limited to replacement of defective components and does not cover injury to persons or property or other consequential damages Printed in U S A TD is 4 1in |
Price & Availability of EL2082
 |
|
|
|
|
All Rights Reserved © IC-ON-LINE 2003 - 2022 |
| [Add Bookmark] [Contact Us] [Link exchange] [Privacy policy] |
|
Mirror Sites : [www.datasheet.hk]
[www.maxim4u.com] [www.ic-on-line.cn]
[www.ic-on-line.com] [www.ic-on-line.net]
[www.alldatasheet.com.cn]
[www.gdcy.com]
[www.gdcy.net] |